Nope.
The concept of an afterlife is intertwined with the belief in a moralistic god who rewards or punishes people based on their behavior during their present life. Without such a god where will our immortal souls go to? It is possible to believe in a god that doesn't immortalize humans and it might even be possible to believe in immortal souls without believing in a god but difficult questions will arise from such beliefs like:
"Are all animals immortal?"
"If not then when did human like creatures before Homo Sapiens become immortal and why that species and not another one more primitive than it?"